Lexis and semantics (words and meanings) - Word-choice. Meaning at word and phrase level. The vocabulary of English, including social and historical variation.
Grammar, including morphology - How the language is built i.e. the structure and rules which underpin how we form sentences. The structural patterns and shapes of English. For example sentence, phrase, clause and word level.
Phonology, phonetics and prosodic - How we organise the sounds of our language to produce certain effects including rhythm, rhyme, intonation, stress and pauses. Speech sounds and effects are articulated and analysed, for example onomatopoeia and alliteration.
Pragmatics (context/meaning) - How we know what language means when it is used in a specific context sometimes described as 'reading between the lines'. The contextual aspects of language use.
Discourse (communication) - (i) How longer stretches of text are organised (cohesion - how it holds together e.g. use of discourse markers)
(ii) The way texts create identities for particular individuals, groups or institutions for example the discourse of law, politics and the media.
Graphology (form, purpose and audience) - How the design of a text can contribute to meaning including use of fonts, graphics, colours and emojis.
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